How to File a Consumer Complaint in India: A Complete Updated Guide (2025)
Every consumer expects fair service and genuine products. However, many people face cheating, defective items, delay in services, or overcharging. When this happens, you have the right to file a consumer complaint. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 gives strong legal support. This guide explains the full process in simple steps.
Who Can File a Consumer Complaint?
You can file a complaint if you face:
defective products
poor or delayed services
unfair trade practices
misleading advertisements
excessive billing
refusal to provide warranty or guarantee
Both online and offline consumers are protected.
Step-by-Step Process to File a Consumer Complaint
1. Contact the Seller or Service Provider First
Many issues get resolved by speaking directly. Ask for replacement, refund, or repair.
Keep all communication saved.
2. Send a Written Notice
If the seller does not respond, send a written notice.
Explain the problem clearly.
Give a time limit to fix the issue.
3. Collect All Proof and Documents
Keep:
bills and invoices
warranty cards
order details
emails and chats
photos or videos
screenshots of online purchases
Strong evidence increases your success.
4. File a Complaint on the National Consumer Helpline (NCH)
You can raise a complaint at:
📞 Toll-Free: 1800-11-4000
📱 NCH App
🌐 Official Website (consumerhelpline.gov.in)
They forward your complaint to the business for quick resolution.
5. File a Complaint Online on E-Daakhil Portal
If the issue is not solved, file a formal complaint on the E-Daakhil Portal.
This is the official platform for consumer courts in India.
You can file it from home without visiting the court.
Upload your documents and pay the fee online.
6. Choose the Correct Consumer Commission
The commission depends on the value of your claim:
| Commission Level | Claim Amount |
|---|---|
| District Commission | Up to ₹50 lakh |
| State Commission | ₹50 lakh – ₹2 crore |
| National Commission | Above ₹2 crore |
Choose the right level while filing online.
7. Attend Hearings Online or Offline
Consumer courts allow online hearings.
Submit your evidence.
Respond to notices on time.
Most cases move quickly because the law aims for faster results.
8. Receive the Final Order
The Commission may order:
refund
replacement
compensation
penalty to the seller
repair or service
The order is legally binding.
Your Rights Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019
Consumers have several important rights:
right to safety
right to information
right to choose
right to seek compensation
right to file a complaint online
right to protection from unfair practices
These rights ensure fair treatment in the marketplace.
Tips for a Strong Consumer Complaint
Keep all bills and receipts safe.
Avoid verbal agreements; record everything.
Report the issue quickly.
Take screenshots if it is an online purchase.
Never sign a settlement without reading it.
These steps make your case stronger.
Conclusion
Filing a consumer complaint in India has become simple and quick. You only need proper documents and a clear explanation of the issue. With the updated online systems, you can file from home and get justice without long delays. Every consumer has the right to fair treatment, and the law protects you at every step.